AP Psychology Practice Test 2025 - Free AP Psychology Practice Questions and Study Guide

Belief bias refers to the tendency for one's existing beliefs and opinions to distort logical reasoning. When individuals encounter logical arguments, they often judge the strength of the argument based on whether the conclusion aligns with their pre-existing beliefs rather than the validity of the reasoning itself. This can lead to accepting conclusions that are logically flawed simply because they confirm what the person already thinks.

For instance, if someone holds a strong belief about a political issue, they might disregard logical reasoning that contradicts their viewpoint, assuming the argument is weaker than it truly is. This highlights how deeply held beliefs can interfere with objective analysis and critical thinking.

The other options do touch on cognitive concepts; however, they do not encapsulate the specific nature of belief bias. Approaching problems in a particular way and the inability to see new angles relates more to cognitive biases in problem-solving or creativity rather than belief bias. Estimating likelihood based on memory availability pertains more to the availability heuristic, which is a different concept entirely.