AP Psychology Practice Test 2025 - Free AP Psychology Practice Questions and Study Guide

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition that occurs as a direct result of a pregnant woman's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. It is characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral problems in the child. These can include distinct facial features, growth deficiencies, and neurodevelopmental issues. The development of FAS highlights the critical developmental stages during pregnancy where alcohol can disrupt normal fetal development, leading to lifelong challenges.

In contrast, Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 and is not related to parental behaviors such as drinking. Autism Spectrum Disorder involves a range of neurodevelopmental conditions but is not specifically linked to maternal alcohol consumption. Similarly, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a complex etiology that may include genetics and environmental factors but does not primarily result from prenatal exposure to alcohol. Thus, FAS is unique in its direct association with maternal alcohol use during pregnancy.