AP Psychology Practice Test

Imagery is the most appropriate answer because iconic memory and chunking do not involve mental pictures as described in the question. Iconic memory refers to visual sensory memory and chunking refers to the organization of information into groups. Mnemonics may involve mental pictures, but it is not specific to effortful processing and semantic encoding. Mnemonic devices are more general techniques used to aid memory. Therefore, imagery is the most appropriate answer for this question.