AP Psychology Practice Test 2025 - Free AP Psychology Practice Questions and Study Guide

Bottom-up processing refers to the way perception begins at the sensory input level, progressing from the basic features of stimuli to the complex perceptions we ultimately experience. This process starts with sensory receptors—like those in our eyes, ears, and skin—that detect stimuli from the environment. Information from these receptors is then transmitted to the brain, where it is integrated and interpreted to form a complete perception.

This concept contrasts with top-down processing, where perception is driven by cognition, such as expectations and prior knowledge. In bottom-up processing, there are no preconceived notions guiding the perception; it is purely based on incoming sensory information.

The other choices reflect different cognitive processes not directly related to how we initially interpret sensory input. While some involve decision making or the influence of previous experiences, they do not accurately define the bottom-up approach, which emphasizes the flow of information starting from the smallest units of perception to the broader understanding we form in our minds.