AP Psychology Practice Test

In operant conditioning, what is a reinforcer?

1. A stimulus that decreases the behavior it follows

2. An event that has no impact on the behavior it follows

3. An event that strengthens the behavior it follows

4. A neutral stimulus that becomes associated with a primary reinforcer

The correct answer is: An event that strengthens the behavior it follows

In operant conditioning, a reinforcer is defined as an event that strengthens the behavior it follows. This means that when a particular behavior is followed by a positive outcome or reward, the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future increases. This concept is fundamental to the learning process within operant conditioning, as it emphasizes how consequences can shape behavior over time. For example, if a student studies hard and receives praise or a good grade, the positive outcome reinforces the study behavior, making it more likely that the student will continue to study in the future. This process highlights the importance of consequences in learning and behavior modification. The other options describe concepts that do not accurately capture the role of a reinforcer within operant conditioning. Some refer to responses that either diminish behaviors or fail to affect them, which contradicts the fundamental principle of reinforcement that aims to strengthen behaviors. Understanding this distinction is crucial for grasping the mechanisms of operant conditioning and its applications in various learning environments.