AP Psychology Practice Test

What characterizes Alzheimer's disease?

1. A stable increase in knowledge and verbal skills

2. A decrease in the ability to form close relationships

3. Gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning

4. The culturally preferred timing of social events

The correct answer is: Gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning

Alzheimer's disease is primarily characterized by a gradual deterioration of cognitive functions, particularly memory, reasoning, language abilities, and, eventually, physical functioning. This degenerative process is progressive, meaning that the symptoms worsen over time. In the early stages of Alzheimer's, individuals may experience mild memory loss, such as forgetting recent conversations or appointments. As the disease progresses, this memory loss escalates to more significant difficulties, including the inability to recognize loved ones or remember important information. Alongside memory issues, reasoning skills decline, impacting the individual's ability to plan or solve problems effectively. Language also deteriorates; individuals may struggle to find the right words or follow conversations. Eventually, Alzheimer's can affect basic physical functions, leading to difficulties with daily activities. In contrast, the other options do not align with the characteristics of Alzheimer's. A stable increase in knowledge and verbal skills does not occur in Alzheimer's, as cognitive decline is the hallmark of the disease. A decrease in the ability to form close relationships can be a consequence of the cognitive decline, but it is not a primary characteristic and may not occur until later stages as communication becomes increasingly impaired. The culturally preferred timing of social events is unrelated to Alzheimer's disease and does not pertain to its effects on cognition or functioning.