AP Psychology Practice Test

What does basic trust, as proposed by Erik Erikson, depend on?

1. Successful resolution of the Oedipus complex

2. Responsive caregiving during infancy

3. Genetic makeup

4. Social and economic status of the family

The correct answer is: Responsive caregiving during infancy

Basic trust, as proposed by Erik Erikson, hinges on responsive caregiving during infancy. According to Erikson, the first stage of psychosocial development is characterized by the infant's need to feel secure and cared for. If caregivers are consistent, warm, and responsive to the infant's needs, the child develops a sense of trust in the world and in other people. This foundational trust is crucial for the healthy development of the individual as it influences their ability to form relationships and manage challenges later in life. The other options touch on different aspects of psychological development but do not directly address the essence of basic trust. For instance, the Oedipus complex relates to a specific stage of psychosexual development according to Freud and is not relevant to the concept of establishing trust. Genetic makeup may influence certain personality traits but does not directly contribute to the development of trust in the early parent-child relationship. Similarly, while the social and economic status of a family can impact various aspects of a child's upbringing, it is the quality and responsiveness of caregiving that primarily foster a sense of trust during infancy.