AP Psychology Practice Test

What does Theory X assume about workers?

1. They are motivated by self-achievement

2. They prefer to work in teams

3. They are lazy and motivated by money

4. They are highly creative

The correct answer is: They are lazy and motivated by money

Theory X is a concept developed by Douglas McGregor in his management theory, which posits that managers have a particular view of their employees. This theory assumes that most people inherently dislike work and will avoid it if possible. Therefore, a Theory X perspective characterizes workers as lazy and primarily motivated by extrinsic factors, especially monetary rewards. This view implies that workers need to be closely supervised and controlled to achieve organizational goals, as they are not likely to take the initiative on their own. The assumption reflects a more pessimistic outlook on human nature in the workplace. In contrast, other views such as Theory Y suggest that workers are self-motivated, enjoy their work, and seek fulfillment and personal growth, thereby highlighting a more positive perspective on employee motivation.