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What is a mental set?

  1. The likelihood of an event based on memory availability

  2. A novel solution to a problem

  3. A repeated approach to problem-solving that may not always be effective

  4. An inclination to search for information that supports one's beliefs

The correct answer is: A repeated approach to problem-solving that may not always be effective

A mental set is a tendency to approach problem-solving in the same way that has worked previously, regardless of whether or not it is the most effective method for the current situation. Option A regarding "memory availability" may be related to availability heuristic, but it is not the same concept as a mental set. Option B may seem like a good answer, but a novel solution would not fall into a "set" as it is new and not part of a routine approach. Option D may be related to confirmation bias, but it is also not the same concept as a mental set.