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What is a placebo?

  1. A drug that always has a positive effect

  2. An inert substance given instead of an active agent

  3. A tool used to measure psychological effects

  4. A type of experimental condition

The correct answer is: An inert substance given instead of an active agent

A placebo is a substance or treatment that has no active therapeutic effect on the body. Option A is incorrect because a placebo does not always have a positive effect, it can also have no effect at all. Option C is incorrect because while a placebo can be used to measure psychological effects, that is not its main purpose. Option D is incorrect because a placebo is not an experimental condition but rather a control used in experiments.